Read this first, notario fraud
In many Latin American countries, a notario publico is a licensed attorney with significant legal authority. In the United States, a notary public is not a lawyer and cannot give legal advice. That difference has been exploited for decades.
People advertising as notarios, immigration consultants, or form preparers take money to handle immigration matters they are not authorized to handle. The damage is often severe and sometimes permanent: filings submitted in the wrong category, applications that trigger removal proceedings, missed deadlines, and fraudulent claims made in someone's name without their understanding.
Protect yourself:
- Confirm the person is a licensed attorney. In Texas, you can verify an attorney's license and standing through the State Bar of Texas. Immigration is federal law, so an attorney licensed in any state may represent you, but they must actually be a licensed attorney.
- Get a written agreement and a receipt for every payment.
- Never sign a blank or incomplete form, and never sign something you have not read or had translated.
- Keep copies of everything filed on your behalf. You are entitled to your own file.
- Be skeptical of guarantees. No one can guarantee an immigration outcome. Anyone who does is telling you something they cannot know.
Accredited representatives working through recognized organizations are a legitimate exception. They are not attorneys but are authorized to provide certain immigration assistance. They can show you their accreditation.
Common immigration matters
Family-based petitions. A citizen or permanent resident sponsoring a spouse, child, parent, or sibling. Wait times vary enormously depending on the relationship and the country involved.
Adjustment of status and consular processing. The two routes to permanent residence. Which one applies depends on how you entered and your current status, and the difference matters a great deal.
Naturalization. Applying for citizenship after meeting residency and other requirements.
Removal defense. Representation in immigration court for someone facing deportation. Houston has an immigration court, and these proceedings move on the court's schedule regardless of whether you have counsel.
Asylum. Protection for people who fear persecution in their home country. There is generally a one-year filing deadline from arrival, with limited exceptions, and it is one of the most commonly missed deadlines in immigration law.
Employment-based matters. Work visas, employer sponsorship, and related petitions.
Waivers. Applications to overcome certain grounds of inadmissibility. Technical, fact-specific, and an area where experience matters.
Humanitarian relief. Includes protections for victims of certain crimes and abuse, and for certain children. These are specific programs with specific requirements.
If you have a criminal case and an immigration issue
This is worth its own section because it catches people badly.
A criminal conviction, and sometimes even a plea to a minor charge, can carry immigration consequences that are far more serious than the criminal sentence itself. A plea that looks like a good deal in criminal court can result in removal or permanent inadmissibility.
If you are not a citizen and you are facing any criminal charge, tell your criminal defense attorney before you accept any plea, and get immigration counsel involved. The two attorneys need to be talking to each other. Doing this after the plea is entered is much harder than doing it before.
What to look for in an immigration attorney
Confirm they are a licensed attorney, not a consultant or notario. Verify it yourself.
Ask how often they handle your specific type of case. Immigration is wide. Removal defense, family petitions, and employment visas are quite different practices.
Ask about their experience in immigration court if your matter is in court. Court practice is different from filing applications.
Ask what the fee covers. Immigration matters often have multiple stages, and a fee that covers the initial filing may not cover a response to a request for evidence, an appeal, or an interview.
Ask about government filing fees separately. Those are paid to the government, not to the attorney, and they are a real part of your total cost.
Ask how they will communicate with you, and in what language. If you are more comfortable in a language other than English, you should be able to speak with your attorney directly in that language, not only through staff.
What immigration representation costs
Immigration attorneys commonly charge flat fees per matter, because the work is defined by the type of case. Some bill hourly, particularly for complex or ongoing matters.
Fees vary by case type. A straightforward naturalization application and a contested removal case are very different amounts of work. Removal defense is generally the most involved and the most costly, because it is litigation.
Remember that government filing fees are separate and are set by the government. Ask for the attorney fee and the filing fees itemized separately so you know your true total.
How Law Book helps
Law Book is a free app that helps you find licensed Houston-area immigration attorneys.
You tell it what you are dealing with, where you are, and what you can pay. It shows you licensed attorneys who fit, along with their fees, so you know what an attorney charges before you ever pick up the phone. You choose who to contact, and you contact them directly.
Every attorney on Law Book is a licensed attorney. Attorneys are shown in random order. No attorney can pay to appear first or higher. There is no paid placement. We do not sell your information, and we are not paid a referral fee for any case.
Law Book is a filtered attorney advertising platform. It is not a law firm, not a referral service, not affiliated with any government agency, and nothing here is legal advice.
Find an attorney
Licensed immigration lawyers in the Houston area, in random order.
Download the free Law Book app, answer a few questions, and see licensed attorneys who fit, along with their fees, before you call anyone.
Free for clients. Attorneys appear in random order. No paid placement. How Law Book works